A Comprehensive Guide to Canine Splenectomy for Dog Owners

Prepared for Owners of Dogs Undergoing Splenectomy for Tumors

This guide is designed to provide comprehensive information and practical advice to dog owners whose pets are facing a splenectomy, the surgical removal of the spleen, due to the presence of a tumor. Receiving such a diagnosis can be an overwhelming and emotional experience, filled with uncertainty. The objective of this report is to serve as a reliable educational resource and a detailed care manual, empowering you with the knowledge needed to navigate this journey. We will explore the fundamental role of the spleen, demystify the surgical procedure, and provide an in-depth roadmap for both immediate post-operative recovery and long-term management. With a special focus on the considerations for older dogs, such as a nine-year-old whippet, this document aims to answer your questions, address your concerns, and help you provide the best possible care to ensure your canine companion’s quality of life.

The Canine Spleen: An Owner’s Guide to Its Function and Purpose

To fully appreciate the implications of a splenectomy, it is essential to first understand the organ itself. The spleen is a sophisticated and multifunctional organ that, while not essential for life, plays several crucial roles in maintaining a dog’s overall health. Located in the left cranial quadrant of the abdomen, adjacent to the stomach and liver, the spleen is an elongated, falciform (or slipper-shaped) organ. Its color can range from red to a purple-tinged gray-brown, and its size is approximately 0.2% of a dog’s body weight. The organ is highly vascular, meaning it has a rich blood supply delivered by the splenic artery, a branch of the celiac artery. This vascularity is central to its functions but also makes it susceptible to significant bleeding if ruptured or injured. The spleen’s structure consists of a fibrous outer capsule containing smooth muscle, which allows it to contract and expand. Internally, it is composed of two types of tissue: red pulp and white pulp. The red pulp is primarily involved in blood filtration and storage, while the white pulp contains lymphatic tissue and is a key component of the immune system. In dogs, the spleen is classified as sinusoidal, featuring direct connections between arteries and veins that facilitate efficient blood flow and filtration.

The functions of the canine spleen are diverse and vital, spanning the hematologic (blood-related) and immunologic systems. One of its most significant roles is acting as a blood reservoir. The spleen can store up to 20% of the body’s red blood cells and 30% of its platelets. During times of physiological stress, such as hemorrhage or intense exercise, the smooth muscle in its capsule contracts, rapidly releasing this stored blood into circulation to meet the body’s increased demand. Another critical function is blood filtration. The spleen acts as a quality control center for the bloodstream, identifying and removing old, damaged, or abnormal red blood cells through a process of phagocytosis carried out by specialized cells called macrophages. This process also extends to clearing pathogens and antigens from the blood, helping to control infections caused by blood parasites like Babesia. Furthermore, the spleen is involved in recycling iron from broken-down red blood cells, storing it as ferritin and hemosiderin for transport back to the bone marrow to create new cells.

From an immunological perspective, the spleen is a powerhouse. It is one of the largest producers of B-cells and T-cells, which are types of lymphocytes, as well as antibodies like IgM and IgG. This makes it a central organ for immune surveillance, constantly monitoring the blood for invaders and initiating an immune response when necessary. It helps activate the complement pathway, which enhances the ability of other immune cells to fight infections. The spleen also plays a role in hematopoiesis, or the production of red blood cells. While this function is most active during fetal development, it can be reactivated in adult dogs under certain conditions, such as severe anemia or bone marrow disease. Despite this impressive array of functions, a dog’s body is remarkably adaptable. Following a splenectomy, other organs, primarily the liver and the lymphatic system, compensate for the loss of the spleen’s roles. While a dog without a spleen may have a slightly increased susceptibility to certain blood-borne infections, most go on to live full, normal, and active lives.

Understanding Splenectomy Surgery

A splenectomy is the medical term for the surgical removal of the spleen. This procedure is one of the more common abdominal surgeries performed in dogs, particularly in older animals. The most frequent reason for recommending a splenectomy is the discovery of a splenic mass or tumor. These masses can be either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous), and it is often impossible to distinguish between them without surgically removing the spleen and submitting it for histopathological analysis (biopsy). Other conditions that may necessitate a splenectomy include splenic torsion, where the spleen twists on its blood supply, causing severe pain and tissue death; trauma that leads to a ruptured spleen and life-threatening internal bleeding; or as part of the treatment for conditions like bloat (Gastric Dilatation and Volvulus), where the spleen may twist along with the stomach. In the context of tumors, the surgery is performed both to remove the primary mass, which may be at risk of rupturing and causing a fatal hemorrhage, and to obtain a definitive diagnosis that will guide any further treatment.

The surgical process begins with a thorough pre-operative assessment to ensure the dog is a suitable candidate for anesthesia and surgery. This typically includes comprehensive blood work to evaluate organ function, red blood cell counts, and platelet levels, as well as imaging studies like abdominal X-rays or an ultrasound to assess the spleen and check for evidence of metastasis (the spread of cancer) to other organs. The dog will be required to fast before the procedure to reduce the risk of complications during anesthesia. The surgery itself is performed under general anesthesia. An incision is made along the dog’s abdomen to provide the surgeon with access to the spleen. The surgeon then carefully ligates, or ties off, the numerous blood vessels that supply the spleen to prevent excessive bleeding. Once the blood supply is controlled, the entire spleen is removed. Throughout the procedure, the veterinary team continuously monitors the dog’s vital signs, including heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen levels, to manage any complications that may arise.

Like any major surgery, a splenectomy carries inherent risks and potential complications. Due to the spleen’s highly vascular nature, the most significant immediate risk is hemorrhage, or severe bleeding, which can occur during or after the surgery. To mitigate this, blood transfusions may be necessary before, during, or after the procedure, especially in emergency cases where the dog has already lost a significant amount of blood from a ruptured tumor. Another common complication is the development of cardiac arrhythmias, or irregular heart rhythms, which can occur during or shortly after the surgery. These are usually transient and can be managed with medication. Infection of the surgical incision or within the abdomen is also a risk, which is why sterile surgical techniques are paramount and antibiotics are often prescribed post-operatively. A retrospective study of 539 dogs undergoing splenectomy identified several key risk factors for perioperative death, including marked preoperative thrombocytopenia (a low platelet count), severe anemia (a packed cell volume below 30%), and the development of intraoperative ventricular arrhythmias. These findings underscore the importance of a thorough preoperative evaluation to identify and stabilize high-risk patients before proceeding with surgery.

The First Two Weeks: A Guide to Post-Surgical Recovery

The immediate post-operative period, typically lasting ten to fourteen days, is a critical phase for healing and recovery. Your diligent care and observation at home are essential for a smooth and successful outcome. In the first 24 to 48 hours after returning home, it is normal for your dog to be groggy, sleepy, and perhaps a bit unstable on their feet due to the lingering effects of anesthesia and pain medication. They may have a reduced appetite and show little interest in their surroundings. Your primary role during this time is to provide a calm, comfortable, and safe environment where they can rest and recuperate without disturbance.

Creating a proper recovery space is paramount. Your dog should be confined to a quiet, draft-free area of the house, away from the hustle and bustle of family life, other pets, and young children. A crate or a small, gated room with soft, clean bedding is ideal. Activity must be strictly restricted to prevent strain on the abdominal incision and reduce the risk of complications like bleeding or dehiscence (the opening of the wound). This means no running, jumping, playing, or climbing stairs or furniture. All outdoor trips should be for elimination purposes only and must be done on a short leash to maintain control. This period of confinement can be challenging for both you and your dog, but it is absolutely crucial for proper healing.

Careful monitoring of the surgical incision is a vital daily task. You should inspect the site at least twice a day, looking for any signs of infection or complications. These signs include excessive redness, swelling, heat, discharge (especially if it is thick, yellow, or has a foul odor), or any gaps appearing between the stitches or staples. It is imperative that your dog wears a “cone,” at all times to prevent them from licking, chewing, or scratching at the incision. Licking can introduce bacteria, leading to a serious infection, and can physically disrupt the sutures, causing the wound to open. If you notice any concerning changes at the incision site, you should contact your veterinarian immediately.

The best remedy to avoid the infection and to significantly speed up the healing process is to spray the area twice a day with Colloidal Silver. 

Managing your dog’s diet and hydration is another key aspect of post-operative care. Anesthesia and pain medications can cause nausea, so it is important to reintroduce food slowly. For the first meal at home, offer about half of their normal portion of a bland, easily digestible diet, such as a raw food diet. Small, frequent meals offered every four to six hours are often better tolerated than one or two large meals. Your dog’s appetite should gradually return to normal within two to three days. Fresh water (with colloidial silver) should be available at all times to help flush the anesthetic drugs from their system and prevent dehydration. It may take a few days for their bowel movements to return to normal. You should monitor their urination and defecation, and contact your veterinarian if your dog has not urinated within 24 hours of coming home or if you notice any other abnormalities.

Finally, you must adhere strictly to the medication schedule prescribed by your veterinarian. This will likely include pain relievers to keep your dog comfortable and may include antibiotics to prevent infection ( prefer colloidal silver over antibiotics, but this is your choice to make). Administer all medications exactly as directed for the full prescribed course. For a more holistic approach, please contact me.  During this recovery period, you should be vigilant for any general signs of distress or complications that warrant urgent veterinary care. 

These warning signs include profound lethargy, pale gums (which can indicate internal bleeding), persistent vomiting or diarrhea, difficulty breathing, or a refusal to eat or drink. A follow-up appointment is typically scheduled for 10 to 14 days after the surgery. At this visit, the veterinarian will assess the healing of the incision, remove any non-dissolving sutures or staples, and, most importantly, discuss the results of the spleen’s biopsy, which will determine the long-term prognosis and guide any necessary future treatments.

Life Without a Spleen: Long-Term Management and Care

After the initial two-week recovery period, most dogs adapt remarkably well to life without a spleen and can return to a normal, active lifestyle. The canine body has a wonderful capacity for compensation, and other organs, particularly the liver and the remaining lymphatic system, take over many of the spleen’s functions. The liver, for example, will assume a greater role in filtering the blood and removing old red blood cells, while lymph nodes throughout the body will continue to support immune function. However, the absence of the spleen does create some permanent changes that require lifelong awareness and proactive management from you as the owner.

The most significant long-term consequence of a splenectomy is a slightly increased susceptibility to certain types of infections, especially those caused by blood-borne pathogens. The spleen is a major filter of the bloodstream and a primary site for initiating immune responses against invaders found there. Without it, the body’s ability to quickly identify and eliminate these specific types of pathogens is somewhat reduced. This does not mean your dog will be constantly ill, but it does mean you must be extra vigilant for any signs of sickness, such as lethargy, fever, loss of appetite, or unusual behavior. Any illness should be addressed promptly by your veterinarian. It is also crucial to inform any new veterinarian who may care for your dog in the future that they have had a splenectomy, as this information is vital for proper diagnosis and treatment of any subsequent health issues.

My recommendation to avoid these issues is to continue giving colloidal silver in the water bowl.

Dietary strategy plays a crucial role in supporting your dog’s health long-term. Because of the increased risk of infection, most veterinary and holistic sources strongly advise against feeding a raw food diet. Raw meats can carry a higher bacterial load, which could pose a challenge to an immunocompromised dog. I disagree with this; dogs are perfectly equipped to handle bacteria in food with their acidic stomach and fast digestive system, making it difficult for bacteria to colonize. They pick up bacteria from the ground with their nose glued to it while out on walks and play. 

Again, as an added protection,  colloidal silver in the drinking water will kill these bacteria before they can do any damage. 

The diet (raw) should be built around easily digestible, high-quality proteins like chicken, turkey, or fish to support tissue maintenance and immune function. It is also wise to choose a diet that is lower in fat to reduce the strain on the liver, which is now working harder.  Many owners also choose to add supplements to their dog’s regimen after consulting with their veterinarian. Probiotics and digestive enzymes can support gut health and nutrient absorption, while omega-3 fatty acids can help modulate inflammation. Contact me for a protocol to compensate for the missing speeen and to boost the immune system.

Regarding exercise and activity, the long-term outlook is excellent. Once your dog has fully recovered from the surgery, there are generally no major restrictions on their physical activities. They can run, play, and enjoy life just as they did before. In fact, maintaining a routine of regular, moderate exercise is beneficial.

Consistent, gentle movement, such as a daily walk of at least 30 minutes, helps to stimulate lymphatic circulation, which is important for immune function and preventing fluid stagnation. High-impact activities can be gradually reintroduced under your supervision. The key is to monitor your dog for any signs of fatigue or discomfort and to build their fitness back up slowly.

Finally, ongoing veterinary monitoring is a cornerstone of long-term management. Regular wellness check-ups, including routine blood work, are essential for monitoring your dog’s overall health and catching any potential issues early. If the splenectomy was performed due to a malignant tumor, your veterinarian will recommend a more intensive monitoring schedule. This may involve follow-up examinations and imaging, such as chest X-rays or abdominal ultrasounds, every six to twelve months to check for any signs of tumor recurrence or metastasis. Your proactive partnership with your veterinary team is the best way to ensure your dog enjoys a long, healthy, and happy life after a splenectomy.

A Deeper Look at Splenic Tumors: Prognosis and Treatment

When a splenectomy is performed because of a splenic mass, the most critical piece of information for determining your dog’s future is the histopathology report, or biopsy result. This analysis will definitively classify the tumor as either benign or malignant, which is the single most important factor influencing the long-term prognosis and the need for further treatment. It is a common scenario for splenic masses to be discovered in older dogs, and studies suggest that the chances of a mass being benign versus malignant are roughly 50:50, though some sources state the malignancy rate can be as high as 70%. Benign tumors, such as hematomas (blood clots), hemangiomas (benign tumors of blood vessels), or nodular hyperplasia (age-related overgrowth of tissue), do not spread to other parts of the body. In these fortunate cases, the splenectomy surgery itself is considered curative. Once the dog recovers from the procedure, no further treatment is typically required, and they can be expected to live out their normal lifespan.

Unfortunately, a significant percentage of splenic tumors are malignant. The most common and aggressive type of malignant splenic tumor in dogs is hemangiosarcoma (HSA). This is a cancer that arises from the endothelial cells, which are the cells that line the blood vessels. Because it originates from blood vessels, HSA is highly aggressive and has a very high potential for metastasis, meaning it spreads quickly and early to other organs, most commonly the lungs and liver. The prognosis for dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma is unfortunately poor. Even with the successful surgical removal of the primary tumor in the spleen, microscopic cancer cells have often already spread throughout the body by the time of diagnosis.

If the diagnosis is hemangiosarcoma, the splenectomy is considered a palliative procedure rather than a curative one. It removes the primary tumor, which eliminates the immediate risk of a life-threatening rupture and hemorrhage, and can significantly improve the dog’s quality of life in the short term. However, surgery alone does little to address the metastatic disease. Without any further treatment, the median survival time for a dog with HSA after a splenectomy is typically only one to three months. To combat the spread of the cancer and extend the dog’s life, adjuvant chemotherapy is the standard recommendation. The most common chemotherapy protocol involves the drug Doxorubicin, administered intravenously every two to three weeks for several cycles. With the addition of chemotherapy, the median survival time can be extended to approximately four to nine months. While this is a significant improvement, the one-year survival rate for dogs with splenic HSA remains low, at less than 10%. Other chemotherapy agents, such as Carboplatin, may also be used and have shown comparable survival times. The clinical stage of the cancer at the time of diagnosis also plays a critical role; dogs with stage I disease (a non-ruptured tumor confined to the spleen) have a better prognosis than those with more advanced stages.

Special Considerations for Geriatric Dogs and Specific Breeds

The decision to proceed with a major surgery like a splenectomy can be particularly daunting when the patient is a geriatric dog. It is a well-established fact that splenic masses are more prevalent in older dogs, typically those aged eight years and older. Age-related factors, such as a natural decline in immune function and a higher cumulative risk of cellular mutations, contribute to this increased incidence. As an owner, it is natural to worry about whether an older dog, like a nine-year-old whippet, can withstand the rigors of anesthesia and a significant surgical procedure. While it is true that advanced age can be associated with higher surgical risks due to potential underlying comorbidities like heart disease or reduced organ function, age alone should not be the deciding factor. Many older dogs are otherwise healthy and can tolerate surgery very well. A thorough pre-anesthetic evaluation, including blood work and cardiac assessment, is crucial for identifying and managing any potential risks, allowing the veterinary team to tailor the anesthetic protocol specifically to your dog’s needs.

The prognosis for a geriatric dog following a splenectomy is overwhelmingly dependent on the nature of the splenic mass, not their age. If the mass is benign, the outlook is generally excellent. Many older dogs recover fully from the surgery and go on to live for several more happy years, often succumbing to unrelated, age-related conditions later on. One study on unruptured splenic masses found a median survival time of 436 days for dogs with benign lesions, with many living much longer. This demonstrates that if the underlying cause is not cancerous, a splenectomy can be a life-saving and curative procedure that restores a high quality of life, even in a senior pet.

When the mass is malignant, the prognosis for a geriatric dog is more guarded, just as it is for a younger dog. The survival statistics for aggressive cancers like hemangiosarcoma do not change significantly based on age. The decision to pursue further treatment, such as chemotherapy, in an older dog is a very personal one. It requires a careful conversation with your veterinarian, weighing the potential benefits of extending life against the potential side effects of treatment and the overall impact on your dog’s quality of life. Many older dogs tolerate chemotherapy well, but the goal is always to prioritize comfort and well-being.

Regarding breed-specific considerations, certain breeds are known to have a higher predisposition to developing splenic hemangiosarcoma. These include larger breeds such as German Shepherds, Golden Retrievers, and Labrador Retrievers. For owners of these breeds, a heightened awareness of the signs of splenic disease is warranted. However, for Whippets, the available research data does not indicate a specific breed predisposition for splenic tumors or any unique risks associated with splenectomy. The general surgical risks and post-operative care guidelines apply to them as they would to any other breed. There is a single anecdotal report of a young Whippet-Labrador mix that experienced fatal complications following a splenectomy, but this appears to be an isolated incident and is not indicative of a breed-wide trend. Therefore, for a nine-year-old whippet, the primary considerations would revolve around their individual health status as a geriatric patient rather than any known breed-specific risks.

Exploring Holistic and Supportive Care Options

In addition to conventional veterinary treatment, many dog owners are interested in exploring holistic and supportive care options to complement their dog’s recovery and long-term management. These approaches are not intended to replace standard medical care, such as surgery or chemotherapy, but can be used alongside it to support the body’s healing processes, boost the immune system, and enhance overall quality of life. It is essential to discuss any holistic therapies or supplements with your veterinarian before starting them to ensure they are safe and appropriate for your dog’s specific condition and will not interfere with any prescribed treatments.

Diet is a cornerstone of holistic support. The goal is to provide a nutrient-dense, anti-inflammatory, and easily digestible diet that supports the immune system and the organs that are compensating for the spleen’s absence. A “blood-building” diet, rich in iron and other nutrients, can be beneficial.  Some holistic practitioners also recommend the inclusion of medicinal mushrooms, such as Turkey Tail (Coriolus versicolor), which has been studied for its immune-boosting properties and has shown potential in some dogs with hemangiosarcoma.

Herbal supplements are another key component of holistic care for asplenic dogs. A commonly cited three-step herbal protocol aims to address the physiological gaps left by the spleen’s removal. The first step involves stimulating the lymphatic system to improve circulation and prevent stagnation, often using an herb like Calendula. The second step focuses on supporting the immune system with adaptogenic and immune-modulating herbs like Astragalus, which can also help the body cope with stress. The third step is to aid elimination and detoxification by supporting the liver, using herbs such as Burdock root. In Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine (TCVM), specific herbal formulas like Max’s Formula or Stasis Breaker may be recommended to address blood stasis and prevent tumor growth. Another widely used Chinese herb is Yunnan Baiyao, which is often recommended to help control or prevent bleeding, a significant risk with splenic tumors.

Other supportive therapies may also be considered. Glandular therapy is based on the “like supports like” principle, where consuming small amounts of healthy animal spleen tissue (in a desiccated, supplement form) is thought to provide the specific nutrients needed to support the functions that the spleen once performed. High-dose vitamin C therapy, administered either intravenously by a veterinarian or orally at home using a buffered form like sodium ascorbate, is another approach used to boost the immune system and potentially exert anti-tumor effects. These therapies should always be guided by a veterinarian familiar with integrative medicine to ensure proper dosing and safety. By combining the best of conventional and holistic approaches, you can create a comprehensive care plan that supports your dog from every angle.

Emergency Warning Signs – When to Call Your Veterinarian Immediately

If you observe any of these critical warning signs, contact your veterinarian or emergency clinic immediately. These symptoms may indicate serious complications such as internal bleeding, infection, or other life-threatening conditions that require urgent medical attention.

Stories of Hope: Owner Experiences with Splenectomy

Navigating a diagnosis that requires a splenectomy can feel isolating, but it is important to know that many dogs and their owners have been through this journey and have had positive outcomes. These success stories offer hope and valuable insights, demonstrating that a splenectomy can lead to a full recovery or provide significant, high-quality time with a beloved companion.

In many cases, the surgery reveals a benign mass, and the outcome is overwhelmingly positive. One such story is that of Sophie, a 12-year-old Jack Russell Terrier who presented with lethargy and a bloated abdomen. Her splenectomy revealed a benign hyperplastic mass, and she recovered swiftly, returning to her energetic self within days. The surgery was completely curative. Similarly, Mollie, a 10-year-old Labrador Retriever, was initially thought to have hemangiosarcoma based on an ultrasound. Her worried owners delayed surgery, but when they finally proceeded, the mass was found to be a benign hematoma. Mollie made a full recovery, highlighting the importance of obtaining a definitive biopsy diagnosis. Another owner shared the story of their dog, Jasper, who had two benign masses removed. His recovery was described as straightforward, and he quickly returned to his normal activities, free of any long-term issues.

Even when the diagnosis is the more dreaded hemangiosarcoma, a splenectomy can be the first step in a journey that provides precious, quality time. McGuire, a 14-year-old Keeshond, was diagnosed with hemangiosarcoma after his surgery. With supportive care that included Chinese herbs, he lived for an additional two happy years. Roxy, an 8-year-old French Bulldog, also received an HSA diagnosis after an emergency splenectomy. Her owners chose to pursue chemotherapy, and Roxy enjoyed another two years of high-quality life, remaining active and symptom-free. These stories show that while a malignant diagnosis is serious, it is not always an immediate death sentence. The surgery, combined with follow-up care, can alleviate suffering and extend life meaningfully.

These experiences share common themes of initial fear and anxiety followed by relief and gratitude. Owners consistently emphasize the importance of a strong, trusting relationship with their veterinary team, who provide clear communication and realistic expectations. They also highlight the critical role of diligent post-operative care in ensuring a smooth recovery. The resilience of their dogs is a constant source of inspiration. While every case is unique, these stories serve as a powerful reminder that a splenectomy is often a highly effective and beneficial procedure, offering the chance for a renewed lease on life.

Conclusion

The journey through a splenectomy, from diagnosis to long-term care, is a significant undertaking for any dog owner. It is a path that requires careful consideration, diligent care, and a strong partnership with your veterinary team. As we have explored, the spleen is a remarkable organ with a multitude of important functions, yet dogs are incredibly resilient and can adapt to live full and healthy lives without it. The immediate post-surgical recovery period is intensive, demanding strict adherence to rest, medication, and monitoring protocols to ensure proper healing. In the long term, life without a spleen necessitates a proactive approach to management, focusing on immune support through a carefully chosen diet, vigilant monitoring for any signs of illness, and consistent veterinary care.

When the splenectomy is performed due to a tumor, the prognosis is entirely dependent on the biopsy results. A benign diagnosis often means the surgery is curative, offering a profound sense of relief and a return to normalcy. A malignant diagnosis, particularly hemangiosarcoma, presents a more challenging path, but even then, the surgery provides a crucial palliative benefit, and subsequent treatments can extend a dog’s quality of life, granting precious additional time. For owners of geriatric dogs, the decision can be fraught with extra concern, but it is vital to remember that age itself is not a disease, and a positive outcome is very much possible. Ultimately, your role as a dedicated and informed owner is the most critical factor in your dog’s well-being. By understanding the process, providing meticulous care, and making decisions rooted in love and sound medical advice, you can navigate this challenge and continue to provide your cherished companion with the best life possible.

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Splenectomy – Rock Creek Veterinary Hospital (https://www.rockcreekvet.com/splenectomy)
Splenectomy – Soft Tissue Surgery – Purdue University Veterinary Hospital (https://vet.purdue.edu/hospital/small-animal/documents/soft-tissue-surgery/2023-PUVH-splenectomy.pdf)
Splenectomy Discharge Information – Hodge Vets (https://hodgevetsurgery.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Splenectomy-Discharge-.pdf)
Splenectomy Discharge Instructions – Direct Vets (https://directvetsurg.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Splenectomy.pdf)
Splenectomy in Dogs – AMC New York (https://www.amcny.org/blog/2017/03/29/splenectomy-in-dogs/)
Splenectomy in Dogs – Emergency Pet Clinic (https://www.emergencypetclinics.com/site/blog/2023/06/30/splenectomy-dogs-know)
Splenectomy in Dogs – PetMD (https://www.petmd.com/dog/procedure/splenectomy-in-dogs)
Splenectomy in Dogs: Prevention, Symptoms, Treatment & Surgery – Animal Outpatient Surgery (https://animaloutpatientsurgery.com/blog/splenectomy-in-dogs-prevention-symptoms-treatment-surgery/)
Splenectomy in Dogs: What You Need to Know – Lifeline Animal Urgent Care (https://www.lifelineanimalurgentcare.com/services-surgeries/splenectomy)
Splenectomy Post-Operative Instructions – Direct Veterinary Surgery (https://directvetsurg.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/PO-Splenectomy-v1.pdf)
Splenectomy, Soft Tissue Surgery – Coastal Creek Animal Hospital (https://coastalcreekanimalhospital.com/soft-tissue-surgery/splenectomy/)
Splenic Masses – American College of Veterinary Surgeons (ACVS) (https://www.acvs.org/small-animal/splenic-masses/)
Splenic Masses in Dogs – Dr. Buzby’s ToeGrips for Dogs (https://toegrips.com/splenic-masses-in-dogs/)
Splenic Masses in Dogs (Splenectomy) – Veterinary Partner (https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&id=4951872)
Splenectomy – Davidsonville Veterinary Clinic (https://davidsonvet.com/splenectomy/)
Structure and Function of the Spleen in Dogs – PetPlace (https://www.petplace.com/article/dogs/pet-health/structure-and-function-of-the-spleen-in-dogs)
The Spleen: Do Dogs and Cats Really Need One? – AMC New York (https://www.amcny.org/blog/2023/04/12/the-spleen-do-dogs-and-cats-really-need-one/)
Unruptured splenic masses: What’s a veterinarian to do? – dvm360 (https://www.dvm360.com/view/unruptured-splenic-masses-what-s-veterinarian-do)
What are the chances a dog will live out their normal expected lifespan with a mass on the spleen without it rupturing? – Quora (https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-chances-a-dog-will-live-out-their-normal-expected-lifespan-with-a-mass-on-the-spleen-without-it-rupturing-He-hasnt-shown-any-symptoms-it-was-discovered-during-a-stomach-ultrasound-Hes-too-old-for)

 

Need help with your pet?

Do you have health issues that you cannot resolve with conventional therapies? Are you looking for a natural approach to help your pet live a long healthy life?

This is possible, and what I do. My approach is to restore the immune system in dogs and cats so they can achieve homeostasis. That is the best protection against pathogens that can lead to diseases.